UNIT TEST #2: HUMAN RIGHTS MONUMENTS AND MEMORIALS

Students in Ms. Held's Clay Classes will take their second UNIT TEST this week. This test counts for 20% of the marking period grade. Below are the UNIT TEST dates and related vocabulary. The test will consist of 10 questions, some short answer, some multiple choice. Students who are absent the day of the test will be required to take a make-up the next class.

B day Unit Test: THURDAY, 1/14

G day Unit Test: FRIDAY, 1/15

UNIT 2: MONUMENTAL DECLARATIONS

SCULPTURE TERMINOLOGY:

1. Monument: A statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a famous or notable person or event.

2. Memorial: A statue, building, or other structure erected to remind people of a person or event, typically something tragic (death, war, genocide, act of terrorism, assassination)

3. Monument/Memorial Design Styles:

a.      Architectural: Monuments/memorials that look like buildings or parts of building structures.

o   A building designed as a public landmark.

o   A church, temple or mosque created to commemorate a particular religion or religious figures.

o   A cenotaph is a type of monument intended to honor the dead who are buried elsewhere.

o   A mausoleum is a freestanding building that is a burial chamber of a deceased person or people.

o   An obelisk is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument that ends in a pyramid-like shape.

o   An arch is a structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways.

b.     Figurative: Monuments/memorials that are figurative depict all or part of a human and/or animal figure.

c.      Abstract: Monuments/memorials that are abstract depict subjects that are not necessarily recognizable or depict subjects that are intended to symbolically represent an idea.

4. Freestanding Sculpture or Sculpture in the Round: A type of sculpture that is intended to be viewed from all sides.

5. Slab-building: A clay technique in which a form is built by joining clay slabs together to create a geometric form (a form is 3-dimensional as it has length, width and depth). Fuse coils are used on the inside corners of a slab-built construction to reinforce and strength the form.

6. Modeling: To form the clay by pressing, pushing, pinching with the fingers and tools. One can model clay using the subtractive or the additive methods:

a.      Additive Method: Adding new pieces of clay to your existing form to create a desired shape or details. When clay is plastic (wet) you can simply add clay by pushing the clay onto your form with your fingers. However, once your form has become leather hard you must add plastic clay to the leather hard clay using the score and slip method.

b.     Subtractive Method: Removing, tearing, or pushing away pieces of clay away from a solid form to create a desired shape. This can be done with your fingers or a variety of tools. Hollowing-out and carving are subtractive techniques.

7. Vent-Hole: Small openings created in our clay forms to allow air to circulate inside the form. This ensures even drying and the circulation of hot air when it’s being fired in the kiln.

8. Hollow-Out: To carve out the interior of a solid form (while clay is plastic and/or leather hard). When working with clay we must hollow-out solid forms to reduce weight, prevent water and air from being trapped inside the clay mass, and to ensure even drying.

9. Equalizing Moisture: If you add plastic clay to leather hard clay you must remember to equalize the moisture of your clay sculpture. This means you must make your clay sculpture airtight over-night, so that all the moisture levels equalize (become the same throughout your sculpture).

HUMAN RIGHTS TERMINOLOGY:

10. The United Nations: The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established on the 24^th of October 1945, to promote international co-operation. The headquarters of the United Nations is situated in Manhattan, New York City.  Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict. 

11. Human Rights: Human rights are moral principles that describe certain standards of human behavior, and are regularly protected as legal rights in national and international law.   

12. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on the 10^th of December 1948. The Declaration arose directly from the experience of the Second World War and represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled.